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Business Enterprise Expenditure On Research And Development (BERD)
Indicator detail
8.2.1 Business enterprise expenditure on research and development (BERD)
Metadata
| Relevance/rationale of the indicator (resp. why the indicator was chosen to measure the target and how it is suitable for these purposes) | |
| Target value of the indicator and its evaluation | Not specified |
| Definition | Total expenditure on research and development in the business sector includes all non-investment and investment expenditure spent on research and development carried out in the business sector on the territory of a given state, regardless of the source of their financing - for international comparisons, the abbreviation BERD (Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D). The BERD indicator does not include the expenses of monitored companies performing research and development that were spent on the purchase of R&D services from other entities, as well as funds transferred to other co-investigators within the framework of a joint R&D project and subsidies or contributions (financial transfers) provided to third parties for R&D carried out by them. |
| Measuring unit | Million CZK, % |
| Indicator disaggregation | Breakdown by: Type of R&D costs Source of R&D funds Ownership of enterprise Enterprise size group (employees) Industry (CZ-NACE section, division) Selected technological field Region (CZ-NUTS 3) |
| Reference period (resp. the period to which the indicator relates) | Year |
| Related geographical area | CZ (NUTS 0), region (NUTS 3) |
| Comment | For the purpose of international comparison with the indicator BERD is most often expressed as a share of GDP or value added or production created in the business sector. The business sector includes all economic entities whose main activity is the market production of goods or services for sale to the general public at an economically significant price. Data are monitored for all economic entities in the business sector carrying out research and development activities in the monitored year, regardless of their size, ownership or predominant economic activity. Business enterprise sector is not only the main source of R&D funding, but also the main sector of R&D performance. Since 2016, the business enterprise sector accounts for more than 60% of total R&D expenditure in the Czech Republic. R&D expenditure in this sector increased by 1550% between 2010 and 2021, with a 220% increase in the case of foreign-controlled enterprises over the period. In 2021, a total of 2,800 enterprises in the Czech Republic were engaged in R&D, whose total expenditure on this activity reached CZK 76.6 billion. 90% of this amount was financed from own funds or funds from other enterprises, the rest was accounted for by public funding of R&D performed in business enterprise sector. Since 2010, the foreign-controlled enterprises are main R&D performers in Czechia. In 2021, CZK 48.1 billion was spent for R&D conducted in these foreign-controlled enterprises, by CZK 20.0 billion more than in national enterprises. Automotive is the industry with the largest R&D expenditures in Czechia for a long time. The most dynamically growing industry in terms of research and development expenditure is Information and communication (NACE section J). Enterprises with the business in the field of programming and providing IT services spent CZK 19.2 billion on R&D in 2021, half more than three years ago. Businesses have the largest share of research and development in most economies. Research and development activities are usually concentrated on a relatively small part of the business population, especially in large firms. R&D intensity (BERD as a percentage of GDP) varies significantly across industries and countries. In 2021, the share of BERD was 1.25% of GDP in Czechia, which is lower than the EU average (1.50). Israeli and Korean companies spend the most money on R&D in relation to GDP (around 4% of their GDP), followed by Sweden, Belgium, Austria and Germany (over 2% of their GDP) from European countries. |
| Update periodicity | Annually |
| Time coverage since | 2010 |
| Time coverage until | 2021 |
| Time series available at the data provider since | 2005 |
| Data publication date (resp. the date when the data provider publishes (regularly) data; it is given in the format T + the number of days, months or years when T is the end of the reference period) | T+10 |
| Contact point - data provider - e-mail | marek.stampach@czso.cz |
| Contact point - data provider - name | Marek Štampach |
| Data source | Czech Statistical Office |
| Data origin | Annual R&D survey |
| Links to detailed metadata or methodology | https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/statistika_vyzkumu_a_vyvoje |
| Links to international comparison | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/science-technology-innovation/data/database oe.cd/rds https://www.oecd.org/sti/msti.htm http://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/research-and-development |