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Agenda 2030 - List Of Indicators
Research And Development Expenditure As A Proportion Of GDP
Indicator detail
9.5.1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
Metadata
| Relevance/rationale of the indicator (resp. why the indicator was chosen to measure the target and how it is suitable for these purposes) | The indicator is a direct measure of Research and development (R&D) spending referred to in the target. |
| Target value of the indicator and its evaluation | |
| Definition | R&D intensity is the total intrumural R&D expenditure (GERD) expressed as a share of gross domestic product (GDP). 1) Intramural R&D expenditures are all current expenditures plus gross fixed capital expenditures for R&D performed within a statistical unit during a specific reference period, whatever the source of funds. 2) Total intramural expenditure on R&D made on the territory of a given country is statistically measured by the indicator of the gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). 3) Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge (OECD 2015, Frascati manual). |
| Measuring unit | % |
| Indicator disaggregation | |
| Reference period (resp. the period to which the indicator relates) | Year |
| Related geographical area | CZ (NUTS 0) |
| Comment | Total R&D expenditures in international comparison are usually measured as a share of GDP. This ratio is called R&D Intensity. This indicator was included among the indicators for evaluation of the targets of the Europe 2020 strategy in individual EU states. The differences between the states in their expenditures on R&D are influenced apart from size, development and focus of individual economies also by the price levels of individual states. Therofore it is recommended to use for the international comparisons, apart from the R&D intensity, which is influenced by different GDP values in individual countries, total R&D expenditures per capita in PPP. International comparison should always be concluded in the context of development, size and focus of individual economies. Comparison then should be made with states that have similar population, geographic and economic conditions. |
| Update periodicity | Annually |
| Time coverage since | 2005 |
| Time coverage until | 2022 |
| Time series available at the data provider since | 1990 |
| Data publication date (resp. the date when the data provider publishes (regularly) data; it is given in the format T + the number of days, months or years when T is the end of the reference period) | T+10 months |
| Contact point - data provider - e-mail | marek.stampach@czso.cz |
| Contact point - data provider - name | Marek Štampach |
| Data source | Czech Statistical Office |
| Data origin | Annual survey on research and development - Questionnaire VRT 5-01 |
| Links to detailed metadata or methodology | https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-09-05-01.pdf https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/statistika_vyzkumu_a_vyvoje |
| Links to international comparison | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/science-technology-innovation/overview https://www.oecd.org/sti/msti.htm https://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/researchanddevelopmentstatisticsrds.htm http://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/research-and-development |